With the development of the automobile industry, people have higher and higher demands on automobiles in terms of energy saving, environmental protection, comfort and reliability. In the guiding device of the suspension system (such as: swing arm, rear axle, etc.), the hinge point connected with the body is more and more connected by rubber bushing. Rubber bushings have become an indispensable and important component of automobiles due to their good shock isolation performance, elastic characteristics and attenuation characteristics. This article combines the application of rubber bushings in various parts of the automobile chassis, and summarizes the working principle, performance and functions of the rubber bushings on the chassis.

1 Introduction of rubber bushing

1.1 Introduction to the characteristics of rubber bushing

①Since the shape of the rubber part has more freedom to choose, the stiffness in three directions (axial, radial, torsional) can be properly selected.

②It can be vulcanized together with the metal, which simplifies the structure of fixing and supporting. Therefore, any of the three directions can be used to support the load.

③The elastic modulus of rubber is smaller than that of metal, so it can produce large elastic deformation.

④The internal friction of rubber is larger than that of metal, and tends to increase as the frequency increases. Therefore, the use of rubber bushings can reduce the resonance amplitude.

⑤ When the rubber is low temperature, the dynamic elastic coefficient will rise sharply. Therefore, when selecting the rubber bushing material, one should strive to improve the high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, oil resistance and other properties of the material.

1.2 The main structural form and characteristics of the bushing

The basic types are: simple bushing, flanged bushing, milled bushing, bored bushing, pivoted bushing, spherical bushing and others.

①Simple bushing: the inner and outer sleeves are vulcanized together with rubber, such as the small bushing of the lower swing arm.

②Spherical bushing: Improve the rigidity of radial and axial loads, such as the large bushing of the lower swing arm and the bushing of the trailing arm.

③Flange bushing: the outer casing is flange-shaped, like the lower arm bushing.

2 Application of rubber bushings in various parts of automobile chassis

Rubber bushings are mainly used in exhaust system lugs, suspension systems, dynamic shock absorbers and powertrain suspension systems in automobiles. The following is an introduction to the application of rubber bushings from the aspects of vibration sources and vibration reduction of their respective components.

2.1 The function of the lifting lug of the exhaust system

① Exhaust the exhaust gas from the engine. The movement of air will energize the entire power exhaust system, causing noise.

②The exhaust system is connected with the engine as the vibration source and the body as the vibration receiver.

③ The exhaust system must minimize the vibration transmitted from the engine to the body;

④Exhaust system hangers are used to reduce the vibration transmitted to the body.

⑤The bellows can control the cold end vibration transmitted from the engine to the exhaust system.

2.2 Dynamic shock absorber

① Contains mass block and rubber main spring.

② The natural frequency is close to the natural frequency of the absorbed vibration system.

③The rubber main spring generally uses SBR or EPDM, which is not sensitive to temperature and resistant to heat aging.

④ Vibration caused by uneven road surface.

⑤ Vibration caused by other moving parts.

2.3 Dynamic mount function

① Install the powertrain.

② Reduce the transmission of powertrain vibration to the body.

③ Attenuation of powertrain vibration caused by road excitation.

④ Control engine displacement and rotation angle.

⑤ Distribute the load.

3 Conclusion

Through the introduction of the characteristics of the rubber bushing and the vibration reduction function of each part in the automobile chassis, the important role of the rubber bushing in the automobile chassis is expounded. With the continuous development of industry, the application of rubber bushing will be more extensive.